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List of Unitarians, Universalists, and Unitarian Universalists

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See also History of Unitarianism

A number of notable people have considered themselves Unitarians, Universalists, and following the merger of these denominations in the United States and Canada in 1961, Unitarian Universalists. Additionally, there are persons who, because of their writings or reputation, are considered to have held Unitarian or Universalist beliefs. Individuals who held unitarian (nontrinitarian) beliefs but were not affiliated with Unitarian organizations are often referred to as "small 'u'" unitarians. The same principle can be applied to those who believed in universal salvation but were not members of Universalist organizations. This article, therefore, makes the distinction between capitalized "Unitarians" and "Universalists" and lowercase "unitarians" and "universalists".

The Unitarians and Universalists are groups that existed long before the creation of Unitarian Universalism.

Early Unitarians did not hold Universalist beliefs, and early Universalists did not hold Unitarian beliefs. But beginning in the nineteenth century the theologies of the two groups started becoming more similar.

Additionally, their eventual merger as the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) did not eliminate divergent Unitarian and Universalist congregations, especially outside the US. Even within the US, some congregations still keep only one of the two names, "Unitarian" or "Universalist". However, with only a few exceptions, all belong to the UUA—even those that maintain dual affiliation (e.g., Unitarian and Quaker). Transcendentalism was a movement that diverged from contemporary American Unitarianism but has been embraced by later Unitarians and Unitarian Universalists.

In Northern Ireland, Unitarian churches are officially called "Non-Subscribing Presbyterian", but are informally known as "Unitarian" and are affiliated with the Unitarian churches of the rest of the world.

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  • György Kepes (1906–2001) – visual artist[3]
  • Naomi King (born 1970) – Unitarian minister, daughter of author Stephen King[71]
  • Thomas Starr King (1824–1864) – minister who during his career served both in Universalist and in Unitarian churches.[4][12] Namesake of Starr King School.
  • James R. Killian (1904–1988) – president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[3]
  • W.M. Kiplinger (1891–1967) – publisher of the Kiplinger Letters[3]
  • Webster Kitchell (1931–2009) – theologian
  • Abner Kneeland (1774–1844) – Universalist minister and denominational leader who, after leaving the denomination to become a leader in the freethought movement, was convicted and jailed for blasphemy.[5]
  • Richard Knight (1768–1844) – friend, colleague and follower of Joseph Priestley, developed the first method to make platinum malleable. Stored Priestley's library during his escape to America.[72]
  • Penney Kome (born 1948) – Canadian author and journalist[73]

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  • Isaac Newton (1642–1726) – English physicist and mathematician[79]
  • Maurine Neuberger (1907–2000) – U.S. Senator[3]
  • Paul Newman (1925–2008) – actor, film director[18][80]
  • Andrews Norton (1786–1853) – Once known as the “Unitarian Pope”
  • Joseph Nye (1937–Present) Rhodes Scholar, Former Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and one of the most influential figures in American foreign policy history by Foreign Policy Magazine

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Footnotes, citations and references

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  1. ^ Biographical Information for Abbot, Francis Ellingwood. Family Papers, 1815–1940, in the collections of the Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard Divinity School. Retrieved August 28, 2007.
  2. ^ Abigail Adams Archived 2007-12-13 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct Notable American Unitarians, 1936–1961, a project of the First Parish and the First Church in Cambridge (Unitarian Universalist), hosted at the website of Harvard Square Library. Project advisors: Gloria Korsman, Andover-Harvard Theological Library; Conrad Edick Wright, Massachusetts Historical Society; and Conrad Wright, Harvard Divinity School. (Archived July 3, 2007)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Some famous Unitarians include presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams, Louisa May Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Paul Revere, President William Howard Taft, and Frank Lloyd Wright... Important figures from this period in Unitarian history include John Biddle, Francis David, Michael Servetus, King John Sigismund and Faustus Socinus... The influential Unitarians from this era included William Ellery Channing, Theodore Parker, Joseph Priestly [sic], and Thomas Starr King, who was also a Universalist." [1] Archived 2010-12-20 at the Wayback Machine, uduuf.org. Retrieved August 1, 2011.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Recent Scholarship in American Universalism: A Bibliographical Essay, Alan Seaburg, Church History, Vol. 41, No. 4. (Dec., 1972), pp. 513–523. . Retrieved August 28, 2007.
  6. ^ "John Ames Mitchell". Evelin Ames. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  7. ^ "Famous UUs". Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  8. ^ "Delineated in detail are formative influences such as her... religious environment (Quaker and Unitarian)..." Suffrage for All, Review of Susan B. Anthony: Rebel, Crusader, Humanitarian by Alma Lutz. Review author: Hazel Browne Williams, The Phylon Quarterly, Vol. 20, No. 2. (2nd Qtr., 1959), p. 205. . Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  9. ^ Kohn, Alfie (March 20, 1987). "Crusader still leads way on abortion rights". USA Today.
  10. ^ Marteka, Peter (October 31, 2005). "An 'Unfinished Crusade'". The Hartford Courant.
  11. ^ "Ballou, the son of a poor Calvinist Baptist preacher, was converted to Universalism and began preaching the new "heresy" on a Calvinistic basis in 1791… His first sermon on a Unitarian and Arian base was preached in 1795. Within ten years, through the power of his argumentation, and against the opposition of the prominent Universalist John Murray, Ballou had converted the Universalist ministry to Unitarianism."Hosea Ballou, Preacher of Universal Salvation, Ernest Cassara, Church History, Vol. 26, No. 4. (Dec., 1957), p. 382. . Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Some famous Universalists include Clara Barton, Olympia Brown, Thomas Starr King, Horace Greeley, George Pullman, Mary Livermore, and Benjamin Rush. ...Universalist beliefs have been proclaimed for thousands of years, starting with Origen in 200 CE and continuing through to James Relly in the sixteen hundreds... Universalists including Hosea Ballou, John Murray, and Benjamin Rush helped to spread and develop their faith's teachings throughout the denomination's early years." Universalism, UUA.org, August 1, 2007. . Retrieved August 27, 2007. Archived February 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Seaburg, Alan. P. T. Barnum Archived 2008-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. Unitarian Universalist Historical Society. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  14. ^ "The Jubilee Singers". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  15. ^ a b "The Struggle for Racial Justice describes the key roles played by Unitarian and Universalist women... These women included Clara Barton, founder of the American Red Cross, and Julia Ward Howe, who wrote 'The Battle Hymn of the Republic.'" Exhibit "Standing Before Us: Unitarian Universalist Women and Social Reform" On Display at Women's Rights National Historical Park, Women's Rights National Historical Park news release, Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Contact: Vivien Rose. . Retrieved August 28, 2007.
  16. ^ "Henry Bergh: 'The great meddler' | UU World Magazine". www.uuworld.org. 2011-08-01. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  17. ^ "Bergh used his wealth and prestige to raise public awareness of the suffering of animals and to enlist support from powerful New York businessmen, politicians, and religious leaders in the founding of the ASPCA. Among these was his minister, Henry Whitney Bellows of the First Congregational Church of New York City (now the Unitarian Church of All Souls)" http://www25-temp.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/henrybergh.html Archived 2010-08-24 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h "Some Unitarian Universalists of whom you may already have heard include Tim Berners-Lee, Paul Newman, Christopher Reeve, May Sarton, Pete Seeger, and Kurt Vonnegut... Unitarian Universalists James Reeb and Viola Liuzzo were killed because of their participation in this protest..." Unitarian Universalism, UUA.org, March 1, 2007. . Retrieved August 28, 2007. Archived January 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Tim Berners-Lee, The World Wide Web and the "Web of Life"
  20. ^ Joani Blank, Cohousing: What's so UU about it?
  21. ^ Gwen Foss (2003). A Who's who of U.U.s: A Concise Biographical Compendium of Prominent, Famous and Noteworthy Unitarians, Universalists and UUs. Gwen Foss.
  22. ^ "...he was director of the American Unitarian Association (1942–48) and in 1949 began the first of five years as a director of the Unitarian Service Committee (1949–54). Chairman, Unitarian Development Fund Campaign (1959–62)." Hall of Fame: Percival Flack Brundage, Fisher College of Business at The Ohio State University, 1994–2004. (Archived.) Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  23. ^ "The John A. Buehrens Ministerial Scholarships (2 Scholarships)". 23 December 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  24. ^ a b c Vision & Values in a Post-9/11 World: A curriculum on Civil Liberties, Patriotism, and the U.S. Role Abroad for Unitarian Universalist Congregations, Developed by Pamela Sparr on behalf of the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations, Spring 2002. . Retrieved August 28, 2007. Archived April 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ "Andrew Carnegie and Lousie Whitfield were married in her home by the Rev. Dr. Charles H. Eaton, minister of the bride's family Universalist Church of the Divine Paternity in New York City." Biography of Louise Carnegie http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/Louise_Carnegie/Louise_Carnegie_Free_Library_Advocate.html Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ David Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie, (Penguin, 2007) pg. 296 books.google.com/books?id=ni0EsmebjYwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s ISBN 0-14-311244-9, ISBN 978-0-14-311244-0
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  35. ^ Unitarian Universalist Astronaut Laurel Clark Remembered with Flowers, Bagpipes, and Warm Recollections Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
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  44. ^ Morris Dees (1991). A season for justice: the life and times of civil rights lawyer Morris Dees. Scribner. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-684-19189-8.
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  67. ^ Nick Kotz (2005). Judgment Days: Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., And The Laws That Changed America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-618-08825-6.
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  69. ^ "More than one Republican apologist fairly pointed out that the unitarian Jefferson was no greater an infidel than the unitarian Adams... Although [Jefferson] was elected to an Anglican parish vestry, no record exists of his having served in that capacity. He was famous for not attending church and did so semiregularly only during his presidency and near the end of his life. To friends, he referred to himself variously as a 'Theist,' 'Deist,' 'Unitarian,' 'Rational Christian,' and 'Epicurean'; 'I am a sect unto myself, as far as I know,' he wrote." America's Founding Faiths, by Forrest Church, UU World magazine, Vol. XXI, Nol 4, Winter 2007.
  70. ^ "Jenkin Lloyd Jones". Archived from the original on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
  71. ^ Stephen King#Personal life
  72. ^ Hunt, L.B. (February 1985). "Richard Knight and the Production of Malleable Platinum the story of a forgotten Chemist" (PDF). Platinum Metals Review. 29 (1): 48. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2011-01-27. pgs 29–35
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  74. ^ Ronalds, B.F. (February 2018). "Peter Finch Martineau and his Son". The Martineau Society Newsletter. 41: 10–19.
  75. ^ Fairman, Charles (1939). Mr. Justice Miller and the Supreme Court, 1862–1890. Harvard University Press. p. 14. ISBN 1-58477-267-0.
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  77. ^ Baer, April. "Slim Moon's Leap Of Faith". www.opb.org. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
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  79. ^ Wiles, Maurice F (1996), Archetypal Heresy: Arianism Through the Centuries, p. 133, modern Unitarianism emerged after Newton's death
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  81. ^ "The Dedham Case | Faith like a River | Faith Like a River | Faith CoLab,Tapestry of Faith | UUA.org". www.uua.org. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  82. ^ "On February 24, 1860, the Boston Unitarian minister and transcendentalist, Theodore Parker, wrote Professor Desor from Rome..." Darwin and the Transcendentalists, John B. Wilson, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 26, No. 2. (Apr. – June, 1965), p. 286. . Retrieved August 25, 2007.
  83. ^ "Randy Pausch, Computer Science Professor at Carnegie Mellon University, died on July 25 after a two-year struggle with pancreatic cancer. A Unitarian Universalist who first came to this faith as a member of the First Unitarian Church of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania), Pausch was 47 years old. Celebrated in his field for co-founding the pioneering Carnegie Mellon Entertainment Technology Center and for creating the innovative educational software tool known as "Alice", Pausch earned his greatest worldwide fame for his The Last Lecture, which was subsequently published by Hyperion Books.In Memoriam: Randy Pausch Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine, UUA.org
  84. ^ "Unitarian Universalist Melissa Harris-Perry is a distinguished academic and a commentator on MSNBC. She has written the book, Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought, and delivered the Ware Lecture at the 2009 General Assembly of the UUA." October 31, 2012 "Unitarian Universalist History - UUA". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2016-02-06. Retrieved August 11, 2013
  85. ^ "Some famous modern-day Unitarian Universalists include Tim Berners-Lee, Melissa Harris-Perry, Christopher Reeve, May Sarton, Randy Pausch, Pete Seeger, Joanne Woodward, and Kurt Vonnegut." October 31, 2012 "Unitarian Universalist History - UUA". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2016-02-06. Retrieved August 11, 2013
  86. ^ "Famous Unitarian-Universalists, Famous Unitarians". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2006. Retrieved 2 February 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  87. ^ "James Pierpont, author of 'Jingle-Bells' and the son of AUA co-founder, John Pierpont Sr." http://www.uua.org/beliefs/history/6903.shtml Archived 2013-08-23 at the Wayback Machine
  88. ^ "Unitarian Universalist... Christopher Reeve... was today remembered by UUA President William G. Sinkford... Sinkford said, '...Christopher bore witness in both word and deed to the healing power of his Unitarian Universalist faith. I am so thankful that he found a religious home with us and a faithful minister in the Rev. Frank Hall of the Westport (Connecticut) Unitarian Church.'" In Memoriam: Christopher Reeve, Unitarian Universalist, UUA.org, Oct. 12, 2004. . Retrieved August 27, 2007.
  89. ^ Abraham, Martin, John and Dru[permanent dead link‍] by Mark Ritchie, excerpted from sermon delivered January 2008 at First Universalist Church of Minneapolis
  90. ^ Hodgkins, Theodore Roosevelt (1926). Brief Biographies, Maine: A Biographical Dictionary of Who's who in Maine. Lewiston journal Company. p. 221. Retrieved 30 April 2024. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  91. ^ Ronalds, B.F. (2016). Sir Francis Ronalds: Father of the Electric Telegraph. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-78326-917-4.
  92. ^ [2] Archived 2009-04-18 at the Wayback MachineMary Augusta Safford Article by Celeste DeRoche
  93. ^ Ellery Schempp's remarks at the Oct. 17 Arlington St. Church event: "Ahead of the Wave: UU Defense of Civil Liberties", delivered 17 October 2002, published 2007 at UUA.org archives . Retrieved 12 March 2009.
  94. ^ High-profile advocate for human rights, by Kimberly French, UUWorld, Winter 2006 11.1.06
  95. ^ "Being liberal in his religious views, he was in reality a Universalist." http://www.genealogybug.net/oh_biographies/schumacher.shtml
  96. ^ "The Quaker Oats company, for example, should have been called the Universalist Oats, for it was started by Ferdinand Schumacher, an Akron, Ohio, Universalist who got rich selling oatmeal to the Union army during the Civil War." http://www.uuworld.org/ideas/articles/2745.shtml
  97. ^ "The Serlings joined the UU Community Church of Santa Monica, California..." * Looking back: 'Twilight Zone' writer challenged prejudice, by Kimberly French, UU World magazine, Vol. XXI, Nol 4, Winter 2007.
  98. ^ https://www.yadvashem.org/righteous/stories/sharp.html "And so we must know these good people who helped Jews during the Holocaust. We must learn from them, and in gratitude and hope, we must remember them." (Elie Wiesel)
  99. ^ "Waitstill and Martha Sharp".
  100. ^ "Shaw was the son of Sarah and Francis Shaw, two radical Unitarians who were among the first to embrace Transcendentalism, feminism, and abolitionism." http://www.uuworld.org/ideas/articles/186477.shtml
  101. ^ "William G. Sinkford, Biographical Sketch". Archived from the original on 2001-07-18. Retrieved 2012-04-08. "Biographical sketch: The Reverend William G. Sinkford"
  102. ^ Staff reporters (January 17, 2011). "N.J. plans Martin Luther King Jr. Day celebrations". Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved 2011-07-31. ... Program of Remembrance, sermon by the Rev. Vanessa Southern of the Unitarian Church of Summit and song by Continuo Arts Foundation commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.'s contributions to all people
  103. ^ Eade, Susan, "Catherine Helen Spence (1825–1910)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 2024-07-24
  104. ^ Stark called himself "a Unitarian who does not believe in a supreme being" and has been identified as an atheist. Rep. Stark applauded for atheist outlook: Believed to be first congressman to declare nontheism, Associated Press, March 13, 2007 . Retrieved June 15, 2007.
  105. ^ McNutt, Steve (Winter 2013). "A Dangerous Man: Lewis Terman and George Stoddard, their Debates on Intelligence Testing, and the Legacy of the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station". The Annals of Iowa. Vol. 72, no. 1. pp. 1–30. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015.
  106. ^ Newmyer, Kent (1986). Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story: Statesman of the Old Republic. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 180. ISBN 978-0807841648.
  107. ^ "Professor Dirk J. Struik, 1894 - 2000". www-math.mit.edu. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006.
  108. ^ "The Judy Bolton/Margaret Sutton Articles Archive". www.judybolton.com. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  109. ^ "Clementia Taylor". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/45468. Retrieved 2012-12-22. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  110. ^ Boudreau, Mark (January 26, 2015). "Spotlight on the Animal Legal Defense Fund – Because animals have rights too!". Progressive Lawyer. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  111. ^ French, Kimberly (Fall 2005). "He found a planet and founded a church". UU World. Retrieved 2016-01-10.
  112. ^ Vonnegut said "I am an atheist (or at best a Unitarian who winds up in churches quite a lot)."Haught, James A. (1996). 2,000 Years of Disbelief: Famous People with the Courage to Doubt. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-067-4.
  113. ^ "Bring O Past Your Honor: Congregation Histories : Minnesota". Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2014-01-10. W. D. Washburn was a chief founder of the church [First Universalist Church of Minneapolis] when it was formally incorporated in 1859, and a faithful member for fifty years. (From the Washburn family also early members of the church) came the present day Pillsbury and General Mills companies
  114. ^ "I am a Muslim and I worship in mosques when I am in Pakistan. I also worship in Unitarian Churches when I'm in the US..." * Global Citizen, by Dawud Wharnsby, Scout UK magazine, June/July 2010.
  115. ^ "uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/alfredwhite.html White, a lifelong member of the church [The First Unitarian Church of Brooklyn]"
  116. ^ "Some famous modern-day Unitarian Universalists include Tim Berners-Lee, Melissa Harris-Perry, Christopher Reeve, May Sarton, Randy Pausch, Pete Seeger, Joanne Woodward, and Kurt Vonnegut." October 2012 "Unitarian Universalist History - UUA". Archived from the original on 2014-07-02. Retrieved 2016-02-06. Accessed August 11, 2013
  117. ^ "Frank Lloyd Wright's contact with All Souls Church may have begun in December 1884 when his father had preached there. The All Souls Church Fourth Annual, dated January 6, 1887, was the first to list Wright as a member..." [All Souls is a Unitarian church in Chicago, Illinois] Frank Lloyd Wright's Unity Temple and Architecture for Liberal Religion in Chicago, 1885–1909, Joseph Siry, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 73, No. 2. (Jun., 1991), pp. 257–282. . Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  118. ^ "A devoted lifelong Universalist, today the peace tower at the Universalist National Memorial Church in Washington D.C. is named in Young’s honor." Biographical information on Owen D. Young. http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/Young/Home.html Archived 2012-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
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